Many times in the classroom we teachers come across students who always seem to be defiant, who seem to do things on purpose to disturb others, or who always seem to blame others for their mistakes. Well, those students may be showing signs of oppositional defiant disorder or ODD. Oppositional defiant disorders together with conduct disorders are considered frequent psychiatric disorders among children. (Matthys, Vanderschuren, Schutterm Lochman, 2012, 235) Between 5 and 15% of school-age children suffer from oppositional defiant disorder. It appears to be more common in boys than in girls. It also seems more common in urban areas than in rural ones. (Childrens Mental Health Ontatio, 2014)"According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, ODD is characterized by a pattern of negativistic, hostile and deviant behavior that lasts at least six months, during which four (or more) of the following symptoms. The student (1) often loses patience (2) often argues with adults (3) often actively defies or refuses to comply with adult requests or rules (4) often deliberately annoys people (5) often blames others for his behavior his mistakes or misbehaviors (6) is touchy or easily annoyed by others (7) is often angry and resentful (8) is often spiteful or vindictive (Smith, Bondy, 2007, 151) The characteristics above must be present for a minimum of 6 months and must occur frequently (Salend, Sylvestre, 2005, 32) Students suffering from ODD are likely to have more problems with "substance abuse, juvenile delinquency, development of a mental disorder and commission of violent crimes". (Smith, Bondy, 2007, 151) There are numerous triggers or factors of oppositional defiant disorder. Some of them are genetic...... half of paper ......at Health Ontatio, 2014) With such a high percentage it is important to understand the challenges a student with ODD faces. Students with ODD show signs of refusing to work, blame others for their mistakes, lose patience, get frustrated or annoyed easily, swear, have low self-esteem, enjoy annoying others, and seek attention. (Salend, Sylvestre, 2005, 32) To work with students with ODD in the classroom it is important to remember to establish rules and review them, be consistent throughout the year, follow a program and warn of any future changes, teach them skills that will help them succeed and build a relationship with the student. Always remember that students with ODD are dealing with many problems and that they need someone to help them, and if they get help they are more likely to overcome their challenging disorder.
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