The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2013 was awarded to James Rothman, Randy Schekman and Thomas Südhof for their work on transport vesicles within the cell membrane. The recipients found out how the cellular transport system was organized so that the transport material was delivered to the correct site with adequate time. Rothman discovered how the vesicle is able to fuse with a cell membrane or organelle to release its contents. Through the study of yeast, Schekman isolated the genes necessary to encode vesicle transport. Südhof found signals that tell the vesicles when to release their contents. Schekman studied the cellular transport system of the yeast and documented his findings in his 1990 paper Distinct sets of SEC genes govern the formation and fusion of transport vesicles early in the secretory pathway. The key misinformation that has been made is that in yeast there are seven genes that code for cell membrane transport between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. It was also found that if temperatures became too high or too low, this would lead to the accumulation of vesicles at key locations and prevent cell transport. When the temperature became high, the class I genes would cause a change in the organelles and cell membranes that would not allow the vesicles to bind to target sites, so they could carry out protein transport. To correct this problem, a class II gene would have to enter and consume the accumulation of vesicles at target sites to complete cellular transport. The combination of class I and II genes allows for adequate and timely transport of vesicles. In Rothman's paper, the SNAP receptor implicated in vesicle targeting and fusion, his research led him to discover that N-ethylmaleimide is sensitive... half of the paper. .....and be present to promote binding of a vesicle to target sites. Rothman found that the NSF protein complex, which must present itself for the vesicles to bind, is interchangeable with the SEC18 gene previously discovered by Schekman through research on yeast cells. Rothman also discovered a derivative of SNAP proteins, called SNARE, that enhances the ability of vesicles to bind to target sites. Südhof, who found that increases in Ca2+ contributed to precision and correct timing in vesicle bidding, later demonstrated Rothman's research that SNARE proteins were necessary for vesicles to bind correctly to target membranes. In conclusion, the work performed individually by each Graduate has greatly advanced the understanding of cellular transport, however it is when their work is combined that the organization and procedure of cellular transport becomes clear.