Topic > Application of the Continuity Theory - 657

In the theoretical part of the work, an extensive review of the relevant literature was carried out. Numerous aspects of emulsion stability and phenomena associated with phase separation (creaming, sedimentation, flocculation, coalescence) have been described. Fundamental issues related to traffic (engineering) theory were also presented. In the experimental part of the work, studies were conducted on the stability of emulsions. The dispersed phases included canola oil with concentrations of 10÷40% by weight while the continuous phases were aqueous gelatin solutions with concentrations of 0.1÷0.4% by weight. A variable parameter was also the emulsification time (1, 2, 3 and 5 minutes). Emulsions were prepared by adding small portions of the dispersed phase to the continuous phase with stirring using a 250-watt Braun manual homogenizer. The first testbed included a Nikon optical microscope connected to a video camera. The microscope made it possible to measure the diameters of the droplets of the dispersed phase. The second testbed was Turbiscan Lab Expert (France, Formulaction) – device used to measure backscattered light in colloids, which formed on droplets of dispersed phase. The obtained data – complete creaming profiles (backscattering versus sample height at different times) – were used to characterize the stability of the emulsions. Observing the analogy between the behavior of vehicles in traffic and the movements of droplets of the dispersed phase, in the present MS thesis models taken from Continuity theory (derived from traffic engineering) was proposed to describe the phenomenon of phase separation of emulsions. Traffic engineering is a domain that uses (among others) mathematical models (macroscopic and microscopic) to describe vehicle movements. The microscopic patterns represent the... center of the paper... the traffic vapor state. The model proposed by Greenberg described the particle velocities of the dispersed phase in the wider range, the higher the initial oil concentration and emulsifier content in the emulsion. Thanks to microscopic measurements, the studied emulsions were found to belong to coarse, unstable liquid particles in two-phase liquid systems with average droplet diameters from around 10 to over 30μm. Increasing concentrations of oil and gelatin led to higher values ​​of the average particle diameters of the internal phase. It was also shown that of all the factors examined, emulsification time had the least impact on the stability of the emulsions. After all, there was an optimal emulsification time of two minutes in which the final height of the aqueous phase was minimum and the final thickness of the concentrated emulsion layer was greatest.