However, most of these problems can be rooted in the problems that arise from the colonial legacy left by the European powers. From the scramble for Africa in the late 1800s to the flight from Africa especially in the 1960s and 1970s, European powers failed to provide Africans with the education and training they needed to become autonomous, self-sustaining entities . Guinean independence leader Sekou Toure hated the fact that “the education imparted in Africa was deliberately inferior and limited to those disciplines which would allow for better exploitation of the population.” According to Martin Meredith, in pre-independence Congo “the total number of graduates was thirty”. This lack of preparation may have been driven by a racist superiority complex or a lack of knowledge of African affairs, the latter of which is most evident in Basil Davidson's reference to an official British report from 1945, which stated: "From somewhere... within a century A new African state will be born within half a century