This policy change can achieve the desired effect of lower incarceration rates for misdemeanor offenders and the ripple effect can lead to positive outcomes in community policing reports. Through decriminalization and reducing incarceration rates, local policing philosophies align with nascent movements in the criminal justice and social service systems that seek to make difficult but cost-effective decisions regarding the allocation of scarce resources (Palow, 2012 p.1196). Community policing thus embraces collaboration with various community stakeholders: neighborhood groups, grassroots organizations, property owners, businesses, other government officials and agencies, and the like. By making common cause, the community can define its own social norms and values (Palow, 2012 p.1199). Neighborhood failures associated with social unrest have spurred police responses that have sought to crack down on low-level crime to stop it from proliferating, escalating, or both. Policing strategies target both social and physical disorder. Social disorder includes vagrancy, vandalism, gangs, public drinking, drug dealing, prostitution and street harassment. Physical disorder includes building abandonment, graffiti, litter on streets and sidewalks, abandoned cars, trash and trash in vacant lots, and the like (Palow, 2012 p.1203). In response to these social unrest, policies have been adopted to address these lesser degrees of social and physical ailments. Failed policy and the passing of vague laws by legislatures lead to a fundamental distrust in communities and local police departments. The commitment must be clear and observable by all and must be irreversible (Aikins, 2015). The failure of policing in communities across
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