IndexThe excessive use of the commons that results in a tragedyThe excessive use of the commons that results in an opportunityPossible solutions to add the tragedyConclusionThe tragedy of the common goods addressed by Garrett Hardin in 1968, was explained through the notion of the human condition in which individuals tend to excessively consume limited common resources to achieve maximum overall gain, which results in unsustainability and destruction of commonly consumed resources (Hardin 1968; Rankin et al., 2007). Hardin (1968) demonstrated that this concept has been seen to consistently recur under differential circumstances in both time and space, so the purpose of this review is to further demonstrate the consistency of this concept from the time it was established to how it it has evolved. adapted to current events but also to highlight the overextension in which this concept is used. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an Original Essay Overuse of Commons Resulted in Tragedy After examining the documents, it was found that there are many examples related to this topic. An example used to lend credence to this concept was seen in English rangelands where the increase in herds by communal farmers resulted in land degradation during the 19th century (Hardin 1968; Crowe 1969). This concept can also be extended to a notion reviewed in Buchak (2016), where FOMO (the fear of missing out), involves investing in projects that are not sufficiently researched and therefore losing money when it is not profitable to believe that they cannot miss opportunities, this is a clear example of overinvestment in ill-timed initiatives like the one coined by Hardin. Overuse of the commons results in an opportunity The expansion of resources does not necessarily result in the maximization of human exploitation therefore resulting in a tragedy, this was studied by Neves-Graça (2004), who found that the whale hunters in Lajes do Pico (Azores, Portugal), have not increased due to the increase in whales, but have only caused an increase in competition among existing hunters. It was also studied in an article by Rankin et al., (2007) through the observation of evolutionary biology, that when a “tragedy” were to occur within a population that exploits a common resource, this promotes competition and l 'individualism that favors population, an example of this is the competition between plants for sunlight, resulting in different heights to favor their survival. An article done by Hawkshaw (2012) found that this concept is consistently used inappropriately due to the impact it inflicts on the public, an example used was articles highlighting the overexploitation of open ocean fishing which is usually focus on first world countries. highlighted how this contradicts the point established by Hardin who focused on the common resources available on a local basis. Possible Solutions to Add Tragedy De Young and Kaplan (1988) stated that if solutions were established to prevent a tragedy, these solutions should be beneficial to both humans where their consumption choice should be considered and the resources where not they limit themselves to the present. Feeny et al., (1990) addressed the possible solutions recommended by Hardin and found that through the implementation of common property rules enabled the effective sustainability of the municipality thus forming a revised theory that includes the ability.
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