IndexIntroductionDiscussionFuture DirectionsLupus nephritis is a kidney infection or aggravation caused by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or commonly called renal lupus. SLE is an autoimmune disease that suppresses the immune system/immune responses, due to its high prevalence it is widely explored by many researchers and scientists and many possibilities are attempted to cure it. In addition to medications and surgeries, cell therapies are of greatest interest in the treatment of Lupus due to their potential for long-term disease suppression. Technique that promises to be successful in clinics such as "Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT)", in which self-reactive lymphocytes, cells resistant to other conventional therapies, are targeted and dysfunctional immune cells are replaced with new immune cells that are formed from Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are used together with immunosuppressant therapies to treat Lupus. My opinion paper highlights the progress in combining stem cell therapy with immunosuppressive treatment and I believe it is a good approach to follow as it provides an effective treatment for lupus. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an original essay IntroductionSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex and heterogeneous autoimmune disease that attacks different healthy parts and organs of the body such as skin, joints, lungs, heart, central nervous system, and kidney. When it affects the kidneys it is known as lupus nephritis (LN). SLE is characterized by the production of self-reactive antibodies and immune complexes (IC) that are deposited in tissues such as skin (cutaneous lupus), kidneys (lupus nephritis), joints and muscles (rheumatoid lupus), and type 4 III hypersensitivity reaction causes a systemic/chronic reaction. inflammation leading to tissue/organ damage. There are numerous case reports of patients suffering from lupus or other autoimmune diseases undergoing allogeneic or autologous bone marrow transplantation for the treatment of malignant tumors. The therapeutic benefit of the procedure has been indicated by bringing the disease into remission, as observed by reports. Treatment of lupus nephritis (LN) is the same as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) because SLE is the cause of lupus nephritis. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are used in conjunction with immunosuppressant therapies to treat Lupus. There are many other treatments used to treat lupus such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), the drug cyclophosphamide (CY), and the immunosuppressive treatment used with HSCT. HSCT aims to deplete self-reactive lymphocytes, immune cells resistant to conventional therapy, and replace malfunctioning immune cells with a healthy immune system, new cells arise from hematopoietic stem cells. The main step of stem cell transplantation is the mobilization of peripheral blood stem cells collected from the bone marrow after treatment with a CyC drug in combination with G-CS. Leukapheresis and cryopreservation are used to collect those cells that express the CD34 surface antigen. Negative depletion of T cells or positive selection of CD34+ cells is used to manipulate the graft to eliminate autoreactive clones. Then followed by the mobilization and collection phase, in which the patient is subjected to a conditioning protocol, in which high doses of cytotoxic agents are administered. Re-infusion of the graft into the patient. Recovery occurshematopoietic which is then followed by the restoration of hematopoiesis after approximately 10 days of aplasia. Autoreactive T cell clones are eliminated during HSCT. A broad spectrum of antibacterial and antifungal prophylactics was used. The time required for neutrophil engraftment was on average nine days. With HSCT the 5 defective cells are replaced by newly formed immune cells from the HSC which help the body function normally. The bibliographic investigation for my opinion paper was carried out using various databases, catalogs and records such as PubMed, PubMed Central (PMC) present at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), Google Scholar, journals and articles present at Leddy University of Windsor Library, Wikipedia and Lupus Foundation of America. Various research papers, articles, reviews, etc. have been read. to retrieve and understand complete information on the introduction and current advancements on lupus and lupus nephritis along with recent stem cell therapies, immune suppression and therapeutic procedures. Different techniques for the treatment of lupus were studied using the above web servers with different keywords, and the results obtained from different experiments based on hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) were evaluated. Finally, among the thousands of studies cited, a recent few were selected with unexplored data or ongoing mechanisms in lupus treatment along with future directions in the field of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Discussion It is known in lupus after DNA damaged cells undergo apoptosis and form an apoptotic body. The debris from the nucleus considered as nuclear antigen by the body's immune cells starts to produce self-reactive antibodies against the immune cells, then the antigen-antibody complex moves through the blood to different parts or organs of the body such as skin, joints, kidney brain where it is deposited and an immune complex can initiate an inflammatory reaction known as type III hypersensitivity reaction 6 which further leads to damage of organs such as the kidney. Once, proteins, albumin, lipids, blood are damaged in the renal organs such as the nephrons which easily pass into the urine and cause proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, lipiduria. hematuria respectively. The defective cells are replaced by newly formed cells from hematopoietic stem cells and immunosuppressants. It is important to examine the benefits of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in clinical or preclinical studies before implementing them in patients. Overall, stem cell transplantation has become a promising treatment for severe SLE and SAD. It can be a rescue therapy as well as a disease control procedure. Its effects are both immediate and progressive. HSCT shows efficacy for SLE for the following reasons: the utility of high-dose immunosuppressants for removal of the autoreactive immune system during the mobilization and pretreatment process; the redistribution of the altered cellular and humoral immune network or the re-education, development and development of the thymus. and regeneration of a new self-tolerant immune system from HSC; susceptibility gene for SLE which tends to express itself negatively. In severe SLE with potential use, HSCT combined with immunosuppressants, chemotherapeutic drugs and monoclonal antibodies are a newer therapy. The patient should also be aware of the risks associated with the treatments, for example due to pancytopenia or during mobilization and transplantation, the high risk of mortality observed immediately after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation causes infections and bleeding in the.