IndexPositive reinforcementNegative reinforcementConclusionMany people witness a certain addiction. Addiction comes in many shapes and forms. For example, someone is often fascinated by drugs, alcohol, sex, technology, cigarettes etc. The brain is one of the most important parts that plays a major role in addiction. Since the day I entered this world, I have a real addiction. I haven't actually seen it fully myself, but I've actually had the rare opportunity to observe the addiction. People suffering from this weakness cannot be classified as a whole. Drug addiction does not affect a particular demographic; people from all walks of life are in danger and therefore addiction will get them high. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an Original Essay The term addiction comes from the Latin word addicere, “sentence.” Addictive drugs are those whose effects are so dominant that some people who are exposed to them are unable to live without taking them. It is not necessary that all people exposed to drugs become addicted to them. And most addictive drugs are derived from plants. This plant uses them as protection against insects or other animals that would otherwise eat them, but chemists have also been found to have synthesized many other drugs that have even more effects. Many years ago, people had discovered that there are many naturally occurring substances, mainly in the leaves, seeds and roots of plants and also in some animal products that had medicinal qualities. They discovered herbs that helped prevent infections that aid in healing, used in stomach ailments, reducing pain. It also helps people sleep. They also found some “recreational drugs,” or drugs that produced pleasurable effects when eaten, drunk or smoked. They are also used in case of stress, anxiety or depression. It is not important that only illegal drugs, such as cocaine or heroin, can cause addiction. Some other painkillers, antidepressants, and sleeping pills can also cause addiction. The use of marijuana as a pain reliever has also been shown to be the most addictive drug in the United States. Any type of illegal or prescription drug does not automatically cause addiction. Some people are able to use prescribed medications without experiencing any kind of negative effects, while others find the same substance to have a serious impact on their health and well-being. Addiction depends on the consequences of using the drug, it generally does not depend on the dose of the drug or the amount of the drug. Anyone can develop addiction and problems resulting from drug use; the degree of dependence on the substance varies from person to person. And the person's genes, their mental health, their family and social environment play a role in this. It also depends on family drug history, mental disorders such as depression and anxiety, and also the method of administration. Positive Reinforcement The positive reinforcement model recognizes that although physiological withdrawal from the consequences of abuse can play a crucial role in relapse after short-term abstinence. , fails to account for relapse after long-term abstinence. Furthermore, it does not even justify the pathological "wanting" that continues to be present even in people who have been abstinent for several years. In line with a distinct model of positive reinforcement, the incentive sensitization (IS) model (1), addiction is the result of neural sensitization of reward circuits(centered within the ventral striatum (VS)) by the neurochemical neurotransmitter monoamine. Positive reinforcement mechanisms give rise to a non-associative learning mode, called sensitization, within which the constant comparison with a stimulus related to the substance (which acts as reinforcement) ends in the progressive amplification of a response (substance search). This "sensitization" or hypersensitivity is also free from negative withdrawal symptoms or the individual's general negative spirit and leads to compulsive drug seeking and taking. These positive reinforcement mechanisms leave addicts at risk of relapse once confronted with substance-related cues that trigger a pathological “craving,” increasingly distinct from the initial reward-related “pleasure.” Drug dependence is progressively seen as the end point of a series of transitions from initial drug use – when a drug is taken voluntarily because of its reinforcing, typically epicurean effects – through loss of control over this behavior, so much so that it becomes habitual and, ultimately, compulsive. Here we tend to discuss evidence that these transitions depend on interactions between physiologist and instrumental learning processes. We have tended to theorize that the transition from voluntary drug use to habitual and compulsive drug use represents a transition at the neural level from anterior animal tissue to the striate management of drug-seeking and drug-taking behavior, as well as a progression from ventral to the additional dorsal one. domains of the striatum, involving its dopaminergic innervations. These neural transitions may themselves depend on the neuroplasticity of each animal tissue and the striated structures that are elicited by chronic drug self-administration. Negative Reinforcement Negative reinforcement may be an idea developed by scientist BF Skinner to partially support human behavior. Skinner believed that an individual could repeat a behavior if it was reinforced in a very negative way. This may not be a consistent penalty. A penalty stops the behavior. Negative reinforcement keeps a specific behavior alive. For example, an occasional grade can be a negative reinforcement for inquiring thoroughly, a high grade can be a reward for finding out, and an occasional grade can be a penalty for not finding out. Negative reinforcement is not constant as a penalty. In fact, the 2 square ideas measure polar opposites. The penalty can be a procedure that decreases the probability that a selected response will occur. Negative reinforcement, on the other hand, means the cessation of aversive stimulation, which will therefore increase the chance of a selected response. In the context of addiction, negative reinforcement occurs during withdrawal. For example, once a fan experiences painful withdrawal effects, reducing the pain by taking additional amounts of the drug negatively reinforces continued abuse so as to avoid constant withdrawal effects. In another example, negative reinforcement occurs when a sick drug addict once again begins to resist friends who once helped him abuse the medicine. The unbearable loneliness experienced alone is aversive stimulation, and once this feeling disappears once reunited with the group, there may be less chance of the person building another break from these friends. Drug addiction is related to the activation of neural electronic reward devices, but I argue that the white plague also involves another important source of reinforcement, namely negative reinforcement..