Topic > An analysis of the integrity of the IPCC as an organization

For many years, the IPCC has been generally known for its role in providing reports that serve as an internationally accepted authority through the consensus of leading climate scientists and to the consensus of the interested governments organization (Ravindranath, 2010). To this end, the IPCC has successfully produced more than four reports together with a number of special reports and greenhouse gas inventory guidelines. Specifically, the 2007 Copenhagen Climate Convention was preceded by the IPCC 4 Assessment Report which had the greatest influence in changing global opinion on climate change (Barker and IPCC, 2007). However, the panel has recently been the subject of controversy due to its reports being considered to come from reports outside of scientific journals (such as the World Wildlife Fund report). This report analyzes the IPCC with the aim of determining whether the organization can be considered relevant as a leading international body for assessing climate change. The report assumes that the IPCC is an important body in producing reports that help assess climate change, although the reports face some controversy. The report begins by analyzing the establishment of the IPCC, its role in assessing climate change, the IPCC's achievements in contributing to the assessment of climate change, and areas where the IPCC has not been effective. Furthermore, the report will define evaluation and climate change as the key words of the discussion. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an original essayClimate change is one of the most significant global environmental challenges facing humanity and has therefore deservedly received collective attention from non-governmental organizations, industries, policy makers, mass media, citizens and of course the scientific community. Climate change has been given importance due to its irreversible and long-term consequences on human and natural ecosystems, thus warranting a global response ( McLean et al., 2012 ). It was in 1988 that, while developing responses to this need to address the climate, the United Nations, at the request of member governments, pioneered the creation of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Accordingly, this intergovernmental scientific body (IPCC) was established under the auspices of the two United Nations organizations; United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) and World Meteorological Organization (WMO) (Tol, 2011). The IPCC evaluates technical, scientific and socioeconomic information relevant to understanding the risks of climate change, particularly change that is the result of human activity. Evaluation in this sense is the process through which experts, who are independent, undertake to review and synthesize the available technical and scientific knowledge needed by policy makers to help make decisions relevant to climate change (Moss et al., 2010 ). According to Pachuri et al. (2014), it is the IPCC reports that form the basis for support for the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which is the main international treaty on climate change. In part, this makes ICPC an important aspect to analyze regarding its relevance on climate change policy implementation. The IPCC works to prepare reports assessing impacts, vulnerability and adaptation to climate change (IPCC, 2014). As indicated by Solomon (2009), climate change is the result of increased consumption offossil fuels and land use changes that have emitted and continue to emit large quantities of greenhouse gases into the Earth's atmosphere. These gases have caused global warming (increase in global average temperature, increase in ocean temperature and ocean acidity, and changes in cloud cover and precipitation). This will lead to wide-ranging effects on the environment and socio-economic and related sectors, agriculture and food security, human health, terrestrial ecosystems and biodiversity. Due to these consequences, local climate variability globally influences people's decisions about political, social, economic and personal conditions as well as impacting their lives and livelihoods (O'Flaherty, 2015). Although humans have adapted to the variables around them for centuries, local climate variability is changing at a relatively fast rate compared to that previously experienced by people (Tol, 2011). Consequently, it is necessary to raise people's awareness of how to reduce climate change and the need to adapt to future changes. Mainly, adaptation has been the most needed as climate change is prevalent over the years. As defined by Ravindranath (2010), adaptation is the process through which societies can better prepare themselves to face an uncertain future. Based on this definition, adapting to climate change involves making appropriate adjustments and changes as a way to take the right measures to reduce its effects. Societies have a variety of opportunities and options to adapt; behavioral change at the individual level, such as reducing water use in times of drought, technological mechanisms such as increased marine defenses or flood-proofing homes, better water management, various insurance options, better risk management and the conservation of biodiversity (Budescu, Por and Broomell, 2012). Fundamentally, the speed at which change is occurring is urgent and requires that communities' vulnerability to such change be reduced and adaptive capacity increased in addition to the implementation of national adaptation plans. For countries to better understand their local climate and be able to predict local climate change, they must have access to available data from other regional and global networks as well as having adequate operational systematic observation networks (Hulme et al., 2010). Therefore, the participation of the global scientific community, which can best occur in United Nations-based systems, is essential for a global assessment of the science and literature on climate change. This is the rationale behind the need for an institutional response by an international committee, and in this case the IPCC, which provides the basis for concerted international action to mitigate climate change and adapt to its impacts. Climate change assessment involves synthesizing knowledge about climate change. past and current global, regional and national greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and projections, including; the role of greenhouse gases in projected climate change, modeling the ocean-land atmosphere and attributing causes, the impacts of climate change on natural and socio-economic systems together with an assessment of mitigation opportunities and adaptation strategies, their costs and benefits and related technologies and policies (Ravindranath, 2010). In this regard, the IPCC has working groups (WGs) which focus on a number of aspects as detailed by Assessment (2007): there is the first working group (WGI) which deals with projections, sciencephysics and attributions of climate change. The second working group, (WGII) evaluates the impact of climate change on socio-economic systems, natural ecosystems as well as the vulnerability of the systems and potential adaptation strategies. The third group (WGIII) is concerned with examining technological and policy options for mitigating climate change together with the evaluation of related costs and benefits. Finally, there is a Task Force on Greenhouse Gas Inventory that prepares greenhouse gas inventory guidelines for easy estimation and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions by countries. To this end, the panel has published four evaluation reports; the first evaluation report of 1990, the supplementary report of 1992, the second evaluation report (SAR) of 1995, the third evaluation report (TAR) of 2001, the fourth evaluation report (AR4) of 2007 and the fifth evaluation report assessment (AR5) of 2014. To begin with, the first and second assessment reports were prepared by the WGI and in summary they indicated that the substantial increase in greenhouse gases is a result of emissions resulting from human activities and this leads to further warming of the earth's surface. The body of evidence provided in the reports suggests human influence on global climate. In their calculations, the WGI proved confident that, for more than half of the increase in the greenhouse effect, carbon dioxide was responsible. This report also predicts that the global average temperature will increase by 0.3 degrees Celsius per decade during the 21st century under a business-as-usual scenario (Assessment, 2007). Therefore, they predicted that the global average temperature will increase accordingly, which is consistent with climate models that predicted global warming as a result of the greenhouse effect. In addition to information and predictions, this report contributed significantly to the formation of the UNFCCC (Vasileiadou et al., 2011). Then, the third ratio indicates significant information on vulnerability and adaptation. First, the report informs that species and ecosystems are vulnerable to climate change and other stresses. As mitigation, the report suggests a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, especially from the perspective of human action, which will therefore reduce pressure on human and natural systems. As an adaptation to climate change, the report suggests reducing negative effects through building dikes in response to sea level rise (Stocker, 2014). Essentially, the information in the third report addresses mitigation opportunities and vulnerability that have been cited in the literature as part of the key responsibilities addressed by the Climate Change Assessment Committee. Furthermore, the fourth report, AR4, received enormous attention from politicians, industrialists, citizens and the media. In addition to pointing to increasing global warming and the likely increase in the impacts of climate change, the report calls on industrialized countries to reduce emissions by 25-40% by 2020, the need to reduce warming to below 2 degrees Celsius, the need to promptly reach the peak of greenhouse gas emissions globally (Change, 2014). In essence, the reports mainly address the theoretical requirements of such assessment needs which were the subject of the IPCC panel formation. For starters, there is an unsubstantiated finding in the AR4 report that crop yields in Africa will decline by around 50% by 2020. which then formed the basis for calls for adaptation funding by African delegates at the Copenhagen Convention. It can be stated that this result is not based on any literature..