The civil rights movement represents a “mass movement” in which black people came together to fight the ideologies of white supremacy, racism and discrimination. During this movement, when challenging the social and political framework of society, blacks faced many obstacles. The books Walking with the Wind by John Lewis and Civilities and Civil Rights by William H. Chafe demonstrate the obstacles faced by sit-in participants and those faced by the Freedom Riders. Both the sit-ins and the Freedom Rides are examples of nonviolent resistance used to show “firsthand the kind of anger and ugliness that the peaceful civil rights movement was promoting in the South (Lewis, 99).” Participants in the Freedom Rides and sit-ins faced social, political, and economic obstacles while experiencing white resistance in the form of physical abuse, mental cruelty, and strategic manipulation. The sit-ins were examples of non-violent resistance, created by young people, to raise awareness of the issue of segregation. Unlike the legalistic approach taken by the NAACP, the purpose of the sit-ins was to bring about rapid change. As a form of direct action, during a sit-in, students sat at an all-white counter and refused to move unless they were forcibly removed by police or told to go home by the leader of the group. Socially, the sit-ins faced obstacles generated by the white community's resistance to desegregation. Early in the movement, whites were annoyed by the sit-ins, but no violence was inflicted on the participants. However, as the sit-ins progressed, whites began taking physical actions against participants. Participants constantly faced the obstacle of remaining calm and adhering to ideologies of nonviolence... middle of paper... control, and the obstacle of not reacting when being brutally beaten by one's oppressor were among the obstacles the Freedom Riders faced. As Ghandi said, “people must ultimately decide for themselves what they will and will not do, and no one else should try to force or shame them into action (Lewis, 164). The purpose of the nonviolent movement was to show that blacks were civilized and deserved the same rights as whites, a movement based on morality, conformity, and control. The sit-ins and Freedom Rides were two examples of the nonviolent movement that attempted to change people's ideologies regarding the treatment of blacks. This “new phase of black insurrection” would involve a more direct approach toward desegregation, garnering immense resistance from the white community and generating many obstacles for participants along the way..