Topic > Environmental effects of eutrophication - 735

(2015) lists some of the sources of nutrients such as adaptation in land use, discharge of untreated sewage and waste, mining and construction activities in coastal areas, use of pesticides and insecticides. Indirectly, biogeochemical cycles can add nutrients from the atmosphere to the marine ecosystem through rainfall (Hapeman et al. 2002). Untreated wastewater effluents from industries, runoff water from lawns and agricultural lands flow into fresh water and mix with and contaminate the bay water. According to Kemp et al. (2005), farms are located close to water sources. Nutrients from pesticides, insecticides and animal waste can easily end up in water sources as runoff. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon are some of the many chemicals that end up as runoff disturbing the ecosystem in estuaries (Gray et al. 2002; Kemp et al. 2005). Wastewater treatment plants also contribute nitrogen and phosphorus (Hapeman et al. 2002). The result is coastal eutrophication