Bram Stoker's Dracula is a tale that sets its characters on a path of psychological turmoil and heroic satisfaction. The supernatural nature of the vampire as well as its apparently human form allow us to analyze these characters as archetypes of the personal unconscious for the human characters who face them, in particular the shadow and the anima/animus as postulated by Carl Jung in his text Aion. . Furthermore, the purely human characters who encounter these vampires, and thus their own unconscious, thus themselves become a hero archetype within their personal narrative, as postulated by Joseph Campbell in his text The Hero with a Thousand Faces. This is evident if we compare Jonathan Harker's first motivated confrontation with Dracula in his bedrooms, in which Jonathan fails to defeat the creature, with the episode in which Arthur Holmwood manages to destroy the vampire Lucy Westerna. This essay will demonstrate how human-vampire interactions in the novel represent a heroic struggle between a person and their personal unconscious. Carl Jung states: “He must be convinced that he casts a very long shadow before he is willing to withdraw his emotionality.” tonic projections from their object. (Jung 7) This sentence best describes Jonathan Harker's state when he goes to face Dracula for the first time. Dracula is a projection of Jonathan's shadow and gains power over him due to Jonathan's ignorance of his own unconscious mind. The text demonstrates that Dracula is a psychological projection and therefore not real through the use of dehumanizing imagery such as referring to him as a "filthy leech" (Stoker 83) and as "such a monster." (84). Jung further notes that examining the... center of the paper... in describing the immersion of the stake into Lucia's heart, he proceeds to explain how her "body trembled, trembled, and writhed in wild contortions" (254) and describes Arthur “plants the stake of mercy ever deeper”. (254) This scene serves as a metaphor for male dominance, as can be seen when considering Freud's idea that the subconscious images of wood and sticks represent the phallus in the subconscious. If one continues to follow this reasoning, this scene can be perceived as Arthur defeating the taboo Lucy with his powerful penis, restoring balance to the universe with man on top. Furthermore, if we consider the phallic imagery used, this scene can be interpreted as the consummation of the betrothal between Arthur and Lucy, further establishing Arthur's dominance, since in the Victorian age the husband was the master of the wife..
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